RESEARCH PAGE COMING SOON.
1. SANSKRIT & PERSIAN (can be one topic about the sanskrit+persian uses in colloquial speech)
2. MUGHAL EMPIRE (how perso-arabic vocabs came into hindustani)
3. BRITISH RULE OF INDIA (pre-partition rule, talk about schoolings of hindi and urdu people)
4. POST-PARTITION (popular media, bollywood songs in india, religious conflicts of muslims vs hindus, show examples of indian movies that use both urdu+hindi as title like Stree, Bhool Bhulaiya, Lapata Ladies, etc)
5. LITERATURE (pure hindi vs pure urdu poetry)
6. DIALECTS OF HINDUSTANI (deccani urdu, dhakaiya urdu, bazaar hindustani)
7. INFLUENCES IN MODERN DAY CULTURE (Pros+cons of hindustani, what is the usage of the language like, do some play a part in other languages like bangla and english, etc. Does english vocabs come in as more and more english plays a part of Hindustani, regional languages becoming a part of Hindustani)
8. IS HINDI AND URDU REALLY THE SAME LANGUAGE? (conclusion: are they really despite differences)
Hindustani, a language spoken in the Northern Belt of the Indian sub-continent, comes from the the Sanskritised and Shauraseni Prakrit language called Khari Boli, which was primarily spoken in the Western regions of the Indian sub-continent. Khari Boli, also present-day Hindi, was a local primary language spoken around the Ganges Delta from the 7th century. Khari Boli evolved when the Persians entered the South Asian region of Delhi, which the Persians added loads of day-to-day vocabulary in the Khari Boli language thus became Hindustani or Urdu.
'Hindustani Ka Safar' is a research project which will highlight the heritage of two modern-day languages of Hindi, and Urdu. As my stance on Hindi and Urdu, I have always referred to both languages as 'Hindustani' as both languages denote the religious divisions of both languages, even though they are almost the same languages (colloquially in speech) but with different scriptures. One is written in a Devanagari format and one is written in a Perso-Arabic format. As a Bangladeshi, many people that speaks the Hindustani language say that they speak 'Urdu' due to previous impositions of Urdu of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) which plays a part into the Bangladeshi Bangla language and for theocratical reasons, even though they are more likely to speak Hindi due to the Sanskritisation of both Hindi and Bangla.
Is colloquial Urdu more Sanskrit or Persian?
Technically, Hindustani is a Sanskrit-based language. However, due to the religious conquests starting from the 9th century, cultures from the Middle East to Persia were brought into the Indian sub-continent, thus new vocabulary and terms evolving into Hindustani. Hindustani was widely used during the Mughal Empire, which meant that Hindi and Urdu weren't really languages during the time. Most commoners, regardless of their religion, still used a lot of Perso-Arabic vocabulary despite Hindustani. Despite nowadays Urdu use much more Perso-Arabic vocabulary than Hindi does, these two sub-languages from this pluricentric language have more of a Sanskrit-based to them. For example, 'kitaab' and ‘pustaak' (book), 'waqt' and 'samay' (time) or 'khalis' and 'pavitra' (pure). However, we do have common words that do come from Perso-Arabic and fits in within both Hindi and Urdu, for example, 'sooraj' (sun), 'chehra' (face) and 'kagaz' (paper). When you look at modern-day speech between both Hindi and Urdu, Hindi decides to use more loan words from Sanskrit as it is considered to be a 'Dharmic language' and Persian is considered to be a 'Islamic language'. Even though it is not talked about a lot, Urdu seems to be a Persianised Hindustani whilst Hindi is a Sanskritised Hindustani, even though due to popular media, many Persian-loan words come into shape within the Hindi language. In Hindi, they use up to 20% of Persian vocabulary whereas Urdu uses up to 30% of Persian vocabulary, with both languages having a core base from Sanskrit and Shauraseni Prakit.
What is 'Rekhta'?
Rekhta, was formally known as the earliest form of Hindustani, which is not to be confused by Rekhti as Rekhti is a form of feminine Deccani Urdu used in poetry (ghazaals) by male poets. However, the name 'Rekhti' did come from Rekhta. In modern-day terms, Rekhta is also known as 'Hindvi', which was a name chosen by a Sufi male poet, Amir Khusrow. However, Rekhta was a form of Hindustani that used much more Perso-Arabic vocabulary in the language than Sanskrit itself. Rekhta is also known to be the 'father of Urdu literature'.
"Hindustani music" within Bollywood context.
'Kun Faya Kun'
Lyrics: 'wahi tha', 'woh jo', 'samaaya', 'maula', 'rangreza' {colourful play in Persian), 'tan / man', 'sajra', 'kajra', 'qatra' 'arz', 'bharam', 'karam', 'janoon', 'saaya'
'Aira Gaira'
'nasapita', 'mehfil', 'halchal', 'tufaani', 'mehboob', 'duniyaadaari', 'andha', 'bhehra', 'jashn', 'vaqt', 'sitam', 'amanat', 'mohabbat', 'ijazat'
'Prem Ratan Dhan Payo'
'moh-maya', 'saiyaan', 'sargam', 'gulaal', 'sapnon', 'rishton'
'Inn Lamhon Ke Daaman Mein'
'kalma', 'dohraate', 'hairaan', 'falak', 'noor', 'naghme', 'fiza', 'husn', 'hawaon', 'khwaab', 'jazbaat', 'gulistaan', 'zyada', 'maddham', 'kaaya / paaya', 'khushboo'
Why do Indian popular media, especially in Bollywood songs, use a wide range of 'Pure Urdu' vocabulary?
Despite the political situations between India and Pakistan along with religious conflicts between the Muslims and extremist Hindus in India, the answer can be quite complex. We see some media shows like Heeramandi: The Diamond Bazaar labelled as a 'Indian-Hindi language' film despite 95% of the dialogue in the show was in Urdu and had some mispronunciations or songs like 'Malang' or 'Chaudhavi Shab' using so many Urdu-vocabulary than Hindi-vocabulary, yet they're still being labelled as a 'Hindi' medium. But obviously, when it comes to poetry and music, Urdu is the best language to use when composing gracious and melodic songs in 'Hindi'. What sounds better, 'sapna' or 'khwaab'? 'Ishq/mohabbat' or 'Pyaar/prem'? 'Sampatti' or 'Daulat'? 'Aseem' or 'Beintehaa'? 'Bhagya' or 'Qismat'? 'Kraanti' or 'Inqilab'? 'Athithi' or 'Mehman'? 'Samay' or 'Waqt'? 'Rangakar' or 'Rangreza'? Many 'Hindi' songs will still assume Urdu vocabulary because of the unique pronunciations that does not exist in Hindi and with Urdu vocabulary, it seems very deep in meaning.
When it comes to 'Hindustani' songs, there are also some influences of Bengali in them due to past history of post-partition. For example, 'Ami Je Tomar',
'Thomkiya' Tomra Dakho Go Aashia Komola Nrityo Kore Thomkiya Thomkiya Thomkiya Thomkiya Dakho Thomkiya Thomkiya
What is the Hindustani phonology like?
Hindustani is a language where they use a lot of letters from Sanskrit to Persian. The only difference between Hindi and Urdu is that one uses more Sanskritised tones and one uses more Persianated tones. For example, Hindi does not have some sounds such as 'ق' 'ز' or 'ف' sound, therefore, Hindi uses a dot called the 'Nuqta'. This nuqta is meant to be used to denote the modern-day Urdu vocabulary. Words such as LOVE 'इश्क़' (Ishq) instead of 'इश्क' (Ishk), WAIT इंतिज़ार (Intizaar) instead of 'इंतिजार' (Intijaar) or DESTRUCT 'फ़ना' (Fanaa) instead of 'फना' (Phanaa).
BANGLA PHONOLOGY IS SIMPLIFIED THAN HINDI-URDU??? HENCE BANGLA IS THE BEST SWEETEST LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD.
South Asian Sufi Music uses a lot of influences from Persian, which present-day Urdu speakers can't understand all the lyrics.
What is Judeo-Urdu?
What is the difference between Hinglish and Urdish?
What is Hindvi?
Hindvi, is a modern-day language that refers to Rekhta.
What is Deccani Urdu?
What is Dhakaiya Urdu?
As Urdu has many local dialects across different parts of South Asia, Dhakaiya Urdu is amongst one of them. After the 1947 Partition, India and Pakistan were split into three nations, India, West Pakistan and East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). As East Pakistan consisted a large portion of Bengali heritage, they remained to speak Bangla, however, West Pakistan were pushing the East Pakistanis during the time to standardise Urdu as the national language of East Pakistan, rather than Bangla. This was mainly due to the fact of religious grounds as Bangla used much more Sanskrit-loan words than Hindustani itself. However, not all East Pakistanis opposed to West Pakistan imposition of standardising Urdu, as a few minority liked to speak Urdu, due to religious grounds of the 'Perso-Arabic' influenced language. Hence, Dhakaiya Urdu was made, with many Bangla vocabularies in it, and pronounciations of this dialect shifts to a more Eastern Bengal phonology than the Hindustani phonology. There is also a notable amount of Urdu vocabulary that has integrated into Bangla itself, specifically in the Puran Dhakaiya Bangla and other few Eastern Bengal dialects. For example, Dhakaiya Urdu uses words like 'modod' (help), 'hamar' (mine) and 'mehman' (guest).
Imposition of the 'Hindi' language?
In India, Hindi (excluding Urdu), is the first most-spoken language in India and is spoken by over 609 million people worldwide. Including the Urdu language which is the eleventh most-spoken language in the world, it would be an extra 246 million people worldwide. Hindi is the third most-spoken language in the world, and including with Urdu, Hindustani would still be the third most language in the world, coming to over 855 million people, coming behind Chinese (excluding Cantonese) and English. In India, local Western Hindi languages like Rajasthani, Bhojpuri, Harayanvi, Kannauji and Eastern Hindi languages like Awadhi, Bagheli, Chattisgarhi and Surgujia.
What is Braj Bhasha?
Braj Bhasha is a dialect of Hindustani where it is used within Central Uttar Pradesh. Braj Bhasha is often known as a poetic language as many male poets like Amir Khusro and Kavi Bhushan and Vrind wrote poems within this language and it was a common 'religious' language to write about poems about কানহা.
IS HINDI AND URDU REALLY THE SAME LANGUAGE?
As Hindustani is a 'pluricentric language', it is a really debatable question that is still questioned to this day. Some linguists would say no, some linguists would say yes and some linguists would say maybe. As Hindi and Urdu's core is derived from Sanskrit and Sausheni Prakit, the way both languages were evolved was due to political and religious tensions. Bangla and Assamese is grouped together in the same language family and scripture with almost exactly the same writing but does that mean Bangla and Assamese are the same languages? No. Alas, the terms 'Hindi' nor 'Urdu' did not exist when the Hindustani language came into place.